1. Goal of scalability Reduce the cost of using the network (blockchain has reached certain capacity limitations). Increase transaction speed (faster finality), and transaction throughput (high transactions per second), without sacrificing decentralization or security. 2. Two main solution to scale Ethereum blockchain 👉 ON-CHAIN SCALING (Sharding): Requires changes to the Ethereum protocol (Mainnet - layer 1). Splitting the blockchain into discrete pieces (shards) to be verified by subsets of validators. 👉 OFF-CHAIN SCALING: Layer 2 scaling : derives its security and handling transactions off from Mainnet Ethereum, centered around a server or cluster of servers (referred to as a node, validator...) Transactions are rolled up into a single transaction to Mainnet Ethereum. it's two types of rollups with different security models: Optimistic rollups and Zero-knowledge rollups. State channels : use multisig contracts to enable participants to transact quickly...
Think big, start small, move fast.